Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinNPV) Affects on Immature Stages of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) is an important defoliating pest, which has caused significant losses in Brazilian soybean crops. The present study evaluated the foliar consumption, feeding period and mortality of small (< 1.0 cm), medium (1.0 to 2.0 cm) and large (> 2.0 cm) C. includens larvae after infection by the virus Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinNPV), isolate Chin-IA (I-A). The bioassay was performed in a completely randomized design organized in a 3 × 2 factorial combination (three size of larvae fed on soybean leaf discs, either treated or not with 4.0 × 1011 PIB ha-1 suspension of virus) with ten replicates per treatment. The average consumption of all three sizes C. includens larvae were significantly reduced after ingestion of soybean discs treated with virus, compared to the larvae from control treatment. The total consumption reduction was 95.6%, 69.4% and 45.9% for the small, medium and large larvae, respectively. Feeding period was significatively reduced for small and medium larvae infected by the virus, but not for large larvae. The corrected mortality level of soybean loopers ranged from 70 to 90% and was not significant different between the three larval sizes. The behavior and physiological alterations of larvae started on the third day, and the mortality occurred between fifth and sixth day after ingestion of infective particles of virus, therefore reducing their damage abilities. Based on the results obtained, ChinNPV can be considered as an important tool within integrate management to control C. includens, mainly when small larvae were predominant in soybean crops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".