Dissorophid diversity at the early Permian cave system near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The early Permian karst deposits near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, preserve a diverse assemblage of terrestrial dissorophoid temnospondyls in an upland environment. The dissorophids, an armored dissorophoid clade, were previously represented only by two species of the eucacopine Cacops, Cacops morrisi and Cacops woehri, a genus also known from the lowland floodplains of the Texas red beds by the genotype C. aspidephorus. Here we report the first documented occurrences of two other dissorophid taxa at Richards Spur, Aspidosaurus and Dissorophus, identified on the basis of their distinctive osteoderms. Similar to Cacops, both taxa are also known from the Texas red beds and other lowland Permo-Carboniferous localities. Their documentation increases both the dissorophoid diversity at Richards Spur and the faunal overlap between the tetrapod assemblage at Richards Spur and the classic early Permian localities of North America. Additional cranial and postcranial material is referred to C. morrisi, to a previously reported indeterminate dissorophine, and to C. woehri, the knowledge of which is greatly expanded through this report. Analysis of several osteoderm morphotypes using neutron tomography reveals information that both strengthens taxonomic referrals (e.g., bifurcated ventral flange in Dissorophus) and reveals unexpected new insights into dissorophid osteoderm variation (ventral flange of the internal series in Cacops; presence of an internal series in Aspidosaurus). The extensive diversity of terrestrial dissorophoids at this site is unparalleled and furthers the interpretation of the assemblage as a unique early Permian paleocommunity produced by distinct environmental conditions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".