The Breach of the Standard of Care [Common Law Tort of Negligence] and the Concept of Fault in Personal Extracontractual Liability (Civil Law) in Canada: A Comparative Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La version francaise de cet article peut etre consultee a: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3088966. This study aims to describe the principles that govern breaches of the standard of care (in the common law tort of negligence) and fault (personal extra-contractual liability in the civil law — CCQ section 1457). More specifically, it focuses on the reasonable person and their conduct in the two legal traditions in Canada. The author tries to determine the degree to which the applicable rules in this area converge. Research into the sources of common law and civil law reveals a remarkable convergence of these rules as well as areas in which they diverge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".