Southern Resistance and Northern Defiance: African American Women’s Quest for Freedom and Political Agency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Out of the House of Bondage: The Transformation of the Plantation Household and Terror in the Heart of Freedom: Citizenship, Sexual Violence, and the Meaning of Race in the Postemancipation South, Thavolia Glymph and Hannah Rosen not only illustrate the gruesome violence inflicted onto black women’s bodies, but these historians also show the ways that black women resisted such violence and degradation, re-configuring the definition of citizenship and respectable womanhood. Whereas the prevailing ideology of nineteenth-century conceptions of blackness and womanhood sought to remove, often forcibly, black women from their claim to respectability, virtue, autonomy, and voice, Glymph and Rosen highlight the immense struggles yet tenacious persistence of black women in the American South who imagined an identity for themselves outside of the racist and sexist ideology under which they lived and laboured. When we place Erica Armstrong Dunbar’s book A Fragile Freedom: African American Women and Emancipation in the Antebellum City in conversation with Glymph’s and Rosen’s texts, we observe a more nuanced approach to the study of African American women’s experience with and transgression from nineteenth-century American racial conventions. Dunbar charts the social mobility and individual agency of African American women in Philadelphia during the decades preceding the Civil War.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".