Health Behaviors and Social Determinants of Migraine in a Canadian Population‐Based Sample of Adults Aged 45‐85 Years: Findings From the CLSA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Social determinants of health are well linked to adverse health outcomes, but less is known about how they relate to migraine. While much attention has been given to the role of modifiable lifestyle factors which may mitigate risk of migraine, the role of physical activity in headache management is not yet understood. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social determinants of health, health behaviors, and migraine prevalence in a sample of the Canadian population aged 45-85 years. METHODS: = 21,549). RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of migraine for men and women was 7.5% and 19.6%, respectively. There were relationships between social determinants of health and migraine for both men and women. Notably, higher perceived social status was associated with a 3% reduced odds of migraine among women (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95, 0.98, P < .001). Gay and bisexual men had 50% higher odds of migraine compared to heterosexual men (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99, P = .005). Some forms of physical activity were associated with reduced odds of migraine for women: walking for 30 minutes but less than 1 hour (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.96, P = .005), light sports for less than 30 minutes (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.00, P = .048), and 1 hour but less than 2 hours (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.97, P = .018), strenuous sports for 30 minutes but less than 1 hour (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.89, P < .001), and 1 hour but less than 2 hours (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.92, P = .001). Men who engaged in daily walking as a form of leisure time physical activity had higher odds of migraine: walking less than 30 minutes (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45, P = .042), 2 hours but less than 4 hours (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.80, P = .005), and 4 hours or more (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.31, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Social determinants of health are associated with migraine prevalence for both men and women. Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor which merits further exploration as an intervention option for migraine headaches in aging samples, especially among older women. Greater odds of migraine among older men who walked for exercise may be explained by reverse causality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".