Evaluating the performance of a high density polyethylene lined cover system at the reclaimed Franklin Mine near Sydney, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation (ECBC) has implemented a remediation programme for the Franklin coal mine located near Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. Waste rock generated from the Franklin mine and ten other mines in close proximity, all of which operated from 1885 to 1959, were consolidated into the Franklin waste rock pile (WRP). The waste rock is acid generating with the potential to continue to generate acid rock drainage (ARD). A cover system was constructed over the Franklin WRP in the fall of 2010 with the overall objective to minimise detrimental impacts of the mine waste on the receiving environment in the short term and facilitate recovery of the environment disturbed by mining over the long term. The Franklin WRP cover system consists of a geotextile fabric, engineered 60 mil high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane, a geocomposite drainage layer, and 600 mm of glacial till. Instrumentation was installed during construction of the cover system to facilitate evaluation of its performance over time under site-specific climate conditions. The primary objective of the monitoring programme is to develop a database of cover system moisture and thermal field responses, as well as internal WRP dynamics and groundwater conditions within the WRP footprint, for eventual calibration of a soil-plant-atmosphere numerical model and groundwater flow and contaminant transport model. The modelling effort would ultimately be capable of developing predictions and further understanding of long-term cover performance in limiting impacts to the receiving environment. The WRP performance monitoring system is detailed within this paper along with preliminary performance of the cover system. This paper provides unique insight into developing an understanding for the change in waste rock pore-water chemistry and waste rock pile seepage quantity and quality as a result of placing a low permeability cover system over a full-scale waste rock pile in a seasonally humid environment. The challenges and solutions for developing a performance monitoring system for a full-scale cover system that incorporates a low permeability cover system are also discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".