A multispectral analysis of the northeastern shell of IC 443
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We have carried out optical observations of the northeastern part of the supernova remnant IC 443 using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope imaging spectrograph SITELLE. The observations consist of three multispectral cubes covering an 11′ × 11′ area allowing the investigation of both the spatial and spectral variation of nine emission lines: [O ii] λλ3726 + 3729, [O iii] λλ4959, 5007, H β, H α, [N ii] λλ6548, 6583, and [S ii] λλ6716, 6731. Extinction measurement from the H α/ H β shows significant variation across the observed region with E(B − V) = 0.8–1.1. Electron density measurements using [S ii] lines indicate densities ranging from 100 up to 2500 cm−3. Models computed with the shock modelling code mappings are presented and compared with the observations. A combination of complete shock model and truncated ones is required in order to explain the observed spectrum. The shock velocities found in IC 443 are between 20 and 150 km s−1, with 75 km s−1 being the most prominent velocity. The pre-shock number density varies from 20 to 60 cm−3. A single set of abundances close to solar values combined with varying shock parameters (shock velocity, pre-shock density, and shock age) is sufficient to explain the great variation of line intensities observed in IC 443. Despite the relatively modest spectral resolution of the data (R ∼ 1500 at H α), we clearly separate the red and blue velocity components of the expanding nebula, which show significant morphological differences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".