A Global Redundancy Scheme for Medium-Voltage Modular Multilevel Converter Based Solid-State Transformer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reliability and fault-tolerant operation are among the major concerns of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) based applications due to their use of a large number of power electronic devices. This paper presents a novel global redundancy scheme for medium-voltage (MV) MMC based solid-state transformers (SSTs) to deal with the submodule (SM) IGBT open-circuit failure. By sharing the same redundant SM in one phase via bidirectional switches, the proposed fault-tolerant scheme can significantly maintain the SST operation with minimum degradation and save the initial cost and volume of the system. The characteristics of the IGBT open-circuit fault with two different SM topologies are summarized in detail. The proposed global redundancy scheme can efficiently restore the system from SM failure without severe malfunction and damages. Its effectiveness is verified by simulations carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink software.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".