Influence of N <sub>2</sub> , O <sub>2</sub> , and H <sub>2</sub> admixtures on the electron power balance and neutral gas heating in microwave Ar plasmas at atmospheric pressure
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A combination of optical emission and absorption spectroscopy of argon 2 p –1 s transitions (Paschen notation) combined with collisional-radiative (CR) modelling of argon 2 p states was used to characterize microwave argon plasmas at atmospheric pressure in presence of N 2 , O 2 , and H 2 admixtures. In particular, the neutral gas temperature (obtained from the broadening of argon 2 p 2 –1 s 2 and 2 p 3 –1 s 2 emission lines), the number density of argon 1 s 5 atoms (obtained from absorption spectroscopy of the argon 2 p 9 –1 s 5 transition using a tunable laser diode), the electron temperature (obtained from the comparison between measured and simulated argon 2 p -to-1 s relative line emission intensities), and the electron density (obtained from the Stark broadening of the H β line and argon relative line emission intensities) were recorded as a function of the axial distance along the microwave plasma column. The results show that, for a given position in the plasma and a higher amount of admixture in the nominally pure argon plasma, the neutral gas temperature increases and the electron number density decreases, while the electron temperature and the population of argon metastable atoms first decreases and then increases at higher concentrations. With such information, a detailed analysis of the electron power balance was performed. It is found that less than 1% of the admixture in the argon plasma already absorbed more than 80% of the microwave power. Part of this energy is used for neutral gas heating, mostly through electron-impact excitation of rotational levels.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it