First Report of Field Remediation of Contaminated Tailings from the Collapsed Fundão Dam in Brazil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The failure of the Fundo dam in Brazil spilled contaminated sediments to the Doce river basin with high levels of pH,ether-amine and sodium. In the present study, it was established a riparian forest over contaminated sediment using two main remediation strategies: phytoremediation with native species to the Atlantic Forest, previously selected for tolerance to the sediment toxicity, and physico-chemical remediation by management of the sediment with incorporation of OM. In the experimental site (ES), 12 native species were cultivated under two treatments: T1-management of the sediments with incorporation of OM and T2-nonmanaged sediment + superficial deposition of OM. The results were compared with a degraded site (DS) affected by the contaminated sediments and a preserved site (PS) composed of a fragment of preserved Atlantic Forest. After 6 month of transplanting, plants from T1 showed a better height growth performance (up to 3m) and survival index in relation to T2, as well as a significant decline of ether-amine and sodium contents. Besides the improvement of soil fertility, the amendment with OM promoted a pH reduction, favoring ether-amine destabilization, sodium sequestration and improvement of soil microbial populations. Soil nitrification was improved as revealed by the significant increase of nitrate which seems to have favoured the rampant growth of tolerant plant species after 6 months of planting. Therefore, it is recommended the incorporation of OM to the sediment and phytoremediation with selected tolerant species to remediate sodium and ether-amine toxicity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".