CO<sub>2</sub> Leakage During EOR Operations – Analog Studies to Geologic Storage of CO<sub>2</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study focuses on CO2 EOR operations and CO2 geologic storage in saline-bearing formations; both individually and in relation to each other. This study is the third of three that evaluate analog industries of CO2 storage (first focuses on underground natural gas storage and second on deep well waste disposal using U.S. EPA UIC Class I wells). Several pieces of information can be found throughout the study including overview of CO2 EOR history and side-by-side comparisons of major synergistic features between CO2 EOR and CO2 storage in saline-bearing formations. Best practices and lessons learned from CO2 EOR operations can provide perspective from which future CO2 storage R&D pursuits and field projects can benefit. A summary document providing a high-level overview and key takeaways of this study is available on NETL’s website under the Collection Name: NETL’s Analog Studies to Geologic Storage of CO2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".