Toroidal Dipole Resonances in All‐Dielectric Oligomer Metasurfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Dynamic toroidal multipoles have been attracting an increasing amount of attention, thanks to their unique electromagnetic properties. The concept bears great promises in the field of optical sensing as well as electromagnetic energy localization. Metal‐based structures with specific designs have been widely adopted to obtain toroidal responses. However, applications for such structures are often hindered by the significant intrinsic loss when it comes to optical frequencies. Here, several configurations of all‐dielectric metasurfaces, in which the meta‐molecules are composed of disk oligomers (trimer, quadrumer, pentamer, and hexamer), are proposed to support toroidal dipole resonances in the near‐infrared waveband when the polarization of the normally incident excitation plane wave is directed to one of the symmetry axes of the oligomers. Multipole expansion including the toroidal dipole term along with near‐field electromagnetic patterns confirms the existence of strong toroidal dipolar responses within certain wavelength ranges. This work would enrich the diversity of the all‐dielectric optical systems with toroidal dipole resonances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".