The Interest in Islamic Finance Contracts in Saudi Arabia as Viewed by Google Trends
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several Islamic contracts have been used by Islamic banks to cover the financial needs of their customers. The contracts include Murabahah, Ijarah, Tawarruq, Mudarabah, Musharakah, Salam, and Istisna'. In the current study, the interest in Islamic financial contracts in the past 5 years (2014-2019) in Saudi Arabia as viewed by Google trends was examined. The interest in Murabahah showed increases with the years, whereas decreases in the interest of Tawarruq, Salam Mudarabah were observed in the last years. However, the interest in Ijarah and Istisna' was stable during the examined period. With respect to Musharakah, the interest decreased with years until 2017 then it showed slight increases in 2018 and 2019. Differences in the interest of financial contracts were also observed across different regions of Saudi Arabia. The interest in Ijarah, Tawarruq and Istisna’ was higher in Riyadh, whereas the interest in Murabahah and Musharakah was higher in Ha’il than other Saudi regions The present findings can be used by Islamic banks to shape their financing services according to observed interest trends and across different regions of Saudi Arabia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".