ANADOLU MEDENİYETLERİ MÜZESİ’NİN MEKÂNSAL VE YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ÖNLEYİCİ KORUMA BAĞLAMINDA İRDELENMESİ

Oz Muzelerde yer alan koleksiyon icin sergide, depoda veya tasindiklari sirada koruyucu bir ortam olusturulup, bu ortamin korunmasi gerekmektedir [1] ve bu amacla onleyici koruma calismalari yurutulur Bu calismalar, muzelerdeki eserlere zarar veren etkenlerin engellenmesi, sinirlandirilmasi veya minimuma indirgenmesi amaciyla gerceklestirilen uygulamalardir.  Muze koleksiyonlarinin maruz kaldigi bozulma etkenleri, fiziksel kuvvetler, hirsizlik ve vandalizm, yangin, su, zararlilar, kirletici maddeler, morotesi ve kizilotesi isinlar ile uygun olmayan isik, sicaklik ve bagil nem olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Bu bozulma etkenlerinin onlenmesi, sinirlandirilmasi, tespiti veya bunlara mudahale edilmesi amaciyla yapilan mekânsal ve yapisal duzenlemeler sayesinde muze koleksiyonunda etkin koruma uygulamalarina gerek duyulmadan koruma saglanmaktadir (Kanada Koruma Enstitusu 2015). Tarihi binalardan donusturulen muzelerde, muzecilik ve koruma bakimindan gerekli mekânsal ve yapisal duzenlemeler, binada yurutulen restorasyon ve teshir-tanzim calismalari sirasinda yapilmaktadir. Tarihi binalarin koleksiyonun bir parcasi olarak dusunulmesi ve yapinin bozulmalara karsi korunmasi gerekmektedir (Kokten 2007: 59). Makale kapsaminda 1930’lu yillarda 15. yuzyil yapilarindan devlet muzesine donusturulen Anadolu Medeniyetleri Muzesi’nin mekânsal ve yapisal ozellikleri onleyici koruma bakimindan incelenmistir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Muzecilik, Muze Tasarimi, Muze Projesi, Onleyici Koruma, Bozulma Etkenleri Abstract A protective environment should be created and maintained for the museum collection in the exhibition or storage areas; or during its transportation (ICOM 2006); and for this purpose preventive conservation works are done. These works are the practices that are carried out in order to prevent, limit or minimize the deterioration agents for the artifacts in the museums. The agents of deterioration, to which artefacts are exposed, are defined as physical forces, thieves and vandals, fire, water, pests, pollutants, improper light, ultraviolet and infrared, improper temperature and improper relative humidity. Thanks to the spatial and structural arrangements in order to avoid, block and minimize these agents of deterioration, museum collection’s conservation is provided without need of active conservation implementations (Canadian Conservation Institute 2015). In the museums converted from historical buildings, spatial and structural arrangements required in terms of museology and conservation are made during the restoration and exhibition works carried out in the building. Historical buildings should be considered as a part of the collection and the building should be protected against deterioration (Kokten 2007: 59). In the scope of the article, spatial and structural features of Anatolian Civilisations Museum, which is transformed from 15th century buildings into state museum in 1930s, were examined in terms of preventive conservation. Keywords: Museuology, Museum Design, Museum Project, Preventive Conservation, Agents of Deterioration [1] URL 1 http://icomturkey.org/tr/icom-m%C3%BCzecilik-etik-yasas%C4%B1

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