Effects of the Age-Related Resistance to <i>Potato virus Y</i> in Potato on the Systemic Spread of the Virus, Incidence of the Potato Tuber Necrotic Ringspot Disease, Tuber Yield, and Translocation Rates Into Progeny Tubers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recombinant strain of potato virus Y (PVY), PVYNTN, is the main cause of the potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) in susceptible potato cultivars, which reduces the quality of potato tubers, in addition to the yield loss. Control of PVY has been the main challenge in most potato-producing areas. Here, the effects of the age-related resistance (ARR) were investigated in transplants of a potato cultivar Yukon Gold to the infection with PVYNTN strain in greenhouse experiments. Within the first 3 weeks after transplanting into soil (week 1 [W1] to W3), Yukon Gold plants developed ARR that impaired the systemic movement of PVYNTN into upper noninoculated leaves and concomitant translocation into progeny tubers starting from W4 after transplanting. The yield and quality of tubers from PVY-infected plants with the established ARR (W5 to W8) were comparable with the healthy controls, suggesting that late PVY infection would not significantly affect commercial potato production. Plants inoculated early (W1 to W2), before the establishment of the ARR, exhibited a 100% primary systemic infection with PVYNTN and produced fewer tubers of smaller sizes, exhibiting PTNRD; this resulted ≤70% yield reduction compared with plants inoculated later in the season (W5 to W8). This ARR greatly restricted the systemic movement of PVYNTN in the foliage and resulted in very limited translocation rates of the virus into tested progeny tubers: 7.8 and 4.1% in 2017 and 2018, respectively, of all plants inoculated later in the season (W5 to W8). This study suggests that PVYNTN management programs in Yukon Gold seed potato should focus more on the early stages of the potato development before the onset of the ARR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".