Practical guidance on artificial intelligence for health-care data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) offer the potential to provide personalised care that is equal to or better than the performance of humans for several health-care tasks.1 AI models are often powered by clinical data that are generated and managed via the medical system, for which the primary purpose of data collection is to support care, rather than facilitate subsequent analysis. Thus, the direct application of AI approaches to health care is associated with both challenges and opportunities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.037 | 0.160 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.018 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.050 | 0.034 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".