Assessment of Electoral Management and Democratization System in Nigeria: A Case of Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nigeria is a country in transition.Since election constitutes a vital ingredient of every participatory democracy, the electoral system therefore is very vital in a country still under transition.Democracy, often, is based on its interface with development.Thus, if democracy is practiced in a manner that accommodates majority of the populace, it has the capacity to jump start human development.In Nigeria, however, the system of democracy has been intercepted by illegitimate regimes over the years, and thereby undermining national development.The relationship between the democracy and development engendered debates over the years among scholars and policy makers.This paper therefore postulates that the electoral institution in Nigeria could be blamed for ushering illegitimate governments, owning to their failure to conduct free and fair elections.The paper concludes that a policy should be formulated to strengthen the electoral body, Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to make it truly independent in carrying out the mandate of the people.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".