The “diaspora” diaspora in sport? A systematic literature review of empirical studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study and application of the concept of diaspora has grown from its original references to a particular group to encapsulate any individual or group living in a collective community. In the sociological study of sport, diaspora is applied in innovative but potentially problematic ways insofar as the concept of “diaspora” may lose its conceptual and theoretical roots. Given this – as well as the call for greater scholarly examination of diaspora and sport – this article offers a systematic literature review on studies concerned with diaspora and sport. Specifically, we critically discuss: (1) How was diaspora conceptualized? (2) What populations were studied and in what context? (3) How was diaspora examined (i.e. methodology)? (4) What were the results of the study (i.e. main findings and discussion)? In conclusion, we offer theoretical and conceptual dialogue and questions about the future study of diaspora and sport, as well as the application of the term diaspora to dispersed groups in sport contexts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.029 | 0.072 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.023 | 0.023 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".