Plasticity Underlying Multipotent Tumor Stem Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aggressive cancer cells manifest stem-cell-like qualities that allow them to self-renew and to derive a heterogeneous tumor. Ultimately, this multipotent phenotype facilitates metastasis and resistance to therapy. Cancer cells likely acquire and maintain multipotent phenotypes by aberrantly expressing embryonic factors, such as Nodal and Notch, which maintain pluripotency in normal embryonic stem cell types. Recent studies have shown that Nodal, an embryonic morphogen belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, is aberrantly expressed in melanoma and breast carcinoma cells. Moreover, Nodal facilitates breast cancer and melanoma tumorigenesis. During development, Nodal is regulated by the spatial and temporal expression of inhibitors such as Lefty. In aggressive cancer cells, this balance of regulatory mediators is disrupted, leading to unchecked Nodal expression. By exposing aggressive cancer cells to embryonic microenvironments, inclusive of Lefty, Nodal expression is decreased and tumorigenesis is suppressed. Embryonic stem cell-derived factors, such as Lefty, may provide therapeutic modalities that may be used to specifically differentiate and eradicate aggressive cancers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".