Efficacy of Intrathecal Fentanyl for Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
( Anesth Analg . 2019 Jan 8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003975) Numerous studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of intrathecal fentanyl when added to bupivacaine during cesarean delivery. While potential advantages of intrathecal fentanyl over intrathecal morphine include faster onset and less cephalad spread, some have feared an increased risk of respiratory depression, a “ceiling effect” at doses >0.25 μg/kg, and increased postoperative intravenous opioid requirement. In order to clarify the benefits, harms, and optimal dosing of this opioid for cesarean delivery, these authors systematically reviewed evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of fentanyl when used as an additive to intrathecal bupivacaine with and without morphine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.129 | 0.040 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".