Reversible Calcium Plating and Stripping at Room Temperature Using a Borate Salt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interest has rekindled in reversible calcium plating and stripping, renewing hopes for the development of Ca-ion batteries. However, the development of an electrolyte that operates at room temperature and is stable to oxidation at practical potentials remains a significant barrier. Here we report the synthesis and crystal structure of a new fluorinated alkoxyborate Ca(B(Ohfip) 4 ) 2 ·4DME salt. Reversible plating and the dissolution of calcium from pure solutions of this salt in dimethoxyethane are demonstrated at 25 °C with capacities of 1 mAh cm –2 at a rate of 0.5 mA cm –2 over 30–40 cycles, with an anodic stability of >4.1 V vs Ca/Ca 2+ (and up to 4.9 V in dimethyltriflamide). The dominant product is calcium, accompanied by CaF 2 that forms by the reduction of the fluorinated anion. Whereas the cathodic stability requires improvement, this work shows that facile calcium plating and stripping at room temperature can be achieved using bulk electrodes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".