“ELMU ANYAR” SINGKRETISME DALAM PENYEBARAN AGAMA KRISTEN DI JAWA BARAT PADA ABAD KE-19 DAN AWAL ABAD KE- 20
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Penyebaran Kristen di Jawa Barat menurut para tokoh penyebarnya pada masa Hindia Belanda dapat dikatakan terlambat apabila dibandingkan penyebarannya di wilayah lain di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menjelaskan sinkretisme dalam sejarah penyebaran agama Kristen di Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa masyarakat Sunda menjadi tujuan penyebaran agama Kristen sejak pertengahan abad ke-19. Penyebaran agama Kristen tersebut dilakukan ke wilayah-wilayah yang letaknya terpencil dengan membentuk komunitas-komunitas Kristen. Penyebaran agama tersebut salah satunya dilakukan dengan memperkenalkannya sebagai “elmu anyar” (ilmu baru). Penyebaran agama Kristen dilakukan secara perlahan, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan penyebaran secara tersembunyi. Pada awalnya penyebaran Kristen dilakukan dengan cara melakukan dialog-dialog dalam upaya mencari “elmu” kehidupan yang diwarnai dengan ajaran-ajaran Kristen tanpa menyebutkan bahwa elmu tersebut merupakan ajaran agama Kristen. The spread of Christianity in West Java during the Dutch East Indies period according to its missionaries can be considered quite late when compared to other regions in Indonesia. This paper examines syncretism in the history of the spread of Christianity in West Java. The research method used in this paper is a historical method consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of the study show that the Sundanese people became the target of Christian missionaries since the mid-nineteenth century. Missionaries’ activities were sent out to regions that were located in remote areas by forming many Christian communities. One of the methods used for evangelizing was by introducing it as "elmu anyar" (new knowledge). It was carried out slowly and secretly by conducting dialogues as an effort to search secret knowledge of life colored by Christian teachings without mentioning its origin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.027 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".