Cryptocurrency Circulation in the Global and Domestic Financial Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article reviews the peculiarities of cryptocurrency circulation in the world and domestic financial systems. It is determined that scientific researches of the recent years are devoted to the specifics of cryptocurrency, the risks associated with the circulation of cryptocurrency and government instruments for their minimization. The general risks associated with the circulation of cryptocurrency, including the possibility of its use for the legalization of criminal proceeds. The peculiarities of the policy of the USA, Singapore, Argentina, Canada, the Czech Republic, and China in the direction of minimization the risk of legalization of incomes through cryptocurrency, in particular, criminalization of fraud with digital currency, restrictions on operations with cryptocurrency are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the experience of Ukraine in the field of legal regulation of cryptocurrency circulation. It is concluded that the key for minimizing the risk of money laundering through cryptocurrencies is the lack of a generally accepted cryptocurrency status, given that its definition is a priority in the direction of safe circulation of cryptocurrency in the world and domestic financial systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".