Проблемы пенсионной системы Китая: дилемма и решения
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article examines pension systems modernization in China; the evolution of the approaches to solving pension security problems in view of demographic challenges. The existing regulatory framework of funded pensions, the approaches to refill the empty accounts such as delaying retirement ages as well as abolishing one-child policy are in focus of the research. Population aged 60 or over is the fastest growing cohort, globally, according to the UN data. Currently having 15.2% (2015) of its population aged 60 or over, China is one of the most rapidly ageing nations. By 2030, China will have nearly a quarter of their populations aged 60 or over. Population ageing is projected to have a profound effect on the number of workers as well as pensioners, posing the problem of underscoring the national pension systems’ adaptation to changing conditions; increasing the fiscal and political pressures that the old-age and social protection systems, health care systems are facing.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it