The Jembrana disease virus Rev protein: Identification of nuclear and novel lentiviral nucleolar localization and nuclear export signals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lentiviral Rev protein, which is a regulatory protein essential for virus replication, has been first studied in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The main function of Rev is to mediate the nuclear exportation of viral RNAs. To fulfill its function, Rev shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The Jembrana disease virus (JDV), a lentivirus, is the etiologic agent of the Jembrana disease which was first described in Bali cattle in Indonesia in 1964. Despite the high mortality rate associated with JDV, this virus remains poorly studied. Herein the subcellular distribution of JDV Rev, the nuclear and nucleolar localization signals (NLS and NoLS, respectively) and the nuclear export signal (NES) of the protein were examined. JDV Rev fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) predominantly localized to the cytoplasm and nucleolus of transfected cells, as determined by fluorescence microscopy analyses. Through transfection of a series of deletion mutants of JDV Rev, it was possible to localize the NLS/NoLS region between amino acids (aa) 74 to 105. By substituting basic residues with alanine within this sequence, we demonstrated that the JDV Rev NLS encompasses aa 76 to 86, and is exclusively composed of arginine residues, whereas a bipartite NoLS was observed for the first time in any retroviral Rev/Rev-like proteins. Finally, a NES was identified downstream of the NLS/NoLS and encompasses aa 116 to 128 of the JDV Rev protein. The JDV Rev NES was found to be of the protein kinase A inhibitor (PKI) class instead of the HIV-1 Rev class. It also corresponds to the most optimal consensus sequence of PKI NES and, as such, is novel among lentiviral Rev NES.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".