Molecular and morphological evidence reveals a new smut fungus, Microbotryum arcticum (Microbotryaceae), on Silene uralensis (Caryophyllaceae) from Greenland and Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The group of the anthericolous Microbotryum species on Silene consists of narrowly host-specialized fungi. Despite intensive taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in this group over the past two decades, the actual species richness has not yet been fully uncovered. Thirteen of these species cause typical anther infection, with soral development restricted to the anthers. Three other species cause atypical infection, with soral development resulting in swollen and deformed flowers (completely filled with spores) and affecting both the anthers and the filaments. A comparative morphological study and molecular phylogenetic analyses, using ITS and LSU rDNA sequences, revealed a new species, Microbotryum arcticum, causing anther infection of Silene uralensis subsp. arctica. Microbotryum arcticum is described and illustrated on the basis of material from Greenland and the eastern Canadian Arctic. An emended description of M. savilei, which causes atypical infection of the same host plant in the eastern Canadian Arctic, is also given. Morphological characters of healthy flowers of S. uralensis subsp. arctica are compared with those of flowers with anther infection and with those of flowers with atypical infection.Citation: Denchev T. T., Kemler M., Begerow D. & Denchev C. M. 2019: Molecular and morphological evidence reveals a new smut fungus, Microbotryum arcticum (Microbotryaceae), on Silene uralensis (Caryophyllaceae) from Greenland and Canada. – Willdenowia 49: 241–255. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49212Version of record first published online on 29 August 2019 ahead of inclusion in August 2019 issue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".