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All-sky search for long-duration gravitational wave transients in the first Advanced LIGO observing run
B P Abbott, R. Abbott, T D Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. Araya, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, A. Avila-Alvarez, S. Babak, P. Bacon, M K M Bader, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, J. C. Barayoga, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, C. Baune, V. Bavigadda, M. Bazzan, C. Beer, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, Mehmet Belgin, A. S. Bell, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, S. Bhagwat, R. Bhandare, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, C. R. Billman, J. Birch, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, C. Biwer, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, Jonathan Blackman, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R M Blair, S. Bloemen, O. Bock, M. Boër, G. Bogaert, A. Bohé, F. Bondu, R. Bonnand, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, T. Briant, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, P. Brockill, J. E. Broida, A. F. Brooks, D. Brown, N. M. Brown, S Brunett, C. C. Buchanan, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H J Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, E. Capocasa, F. Carbognani, S Caride, J Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F Cavalier, G. Cella, C B Cepeda, L. Cerboni Baiardi, G. Cerretani, E. Cesarini, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chassande‐Mottin, B. D. Cheeseboro, H Y Chen, Y Chen, H-P Cheng, A Chincarini, A. Chiummo, T. Chmiel, H S Cho, M Cho, J. H. Chow, N. Christensen, Q Chu, Alvin J. K. Chua, S. Chua, S. Chung, G. Ciani, J. A. Clark, F. Cleva, C. Cocchieri, E. Coccia, P-F Cohadon, A. Colla, Christophe Collette, L. Cominsky, M. Constancio, L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, T. R. Corbitt, Neil J. Cornish, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, S. T. Countryman, P Couvares, P. B. Covas, E. E. Cowan, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D C Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, J. Cripe, S. G. Crowder, T J Cullen, A Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, T Dal Canton, S. L. Danilishin, Salvatore D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, A Dasgupta, C. F. Da Silva Costa, V. Dattilo, I Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, D Davis, E. J. Daw, B. Day, R Day, D. DeBra, D. DeBra, G. Debreczeni, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, W. Del Pozzo, T Denker, T. Dent, V Dergachev, R. De Rosa, R. T. DeRosa, R. DeSalvo, R. C. Devine, S Dhurandhar, M C Díaz, L. Di Fiore, M Di Giovanni, T Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, A. Di Virgilio, Z Doctor, V. Dolique, F. Donovan, K L Dooley, S. Doravari, I Dorrington, R Douglas, M. Dovale Álvarez, T P Downes, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. C. Driggers, Zhihui Du, S E Dwyer, T. B. Edo, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, H-B Eggenstein, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, R A Eisenstein, R C Essick, Z. B. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, R. Everett, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, H Fair, S. Fairhurst, X Fan, S. Farinon, B. Farr, Will M. Farr, E J Fauchon-Jones, M. Favata, M. Fays, H Fehrmann, M. M. Fejer, A Fernández Galiana, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I Fiori, D. Fiorucci, R. P. Fisher, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, H Fong, S. S. Forsyth, J-D Fournier, Bartosz Fornal, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, E. M. Fries, P Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, S M Gaebel, J. R. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, S. G. Gaonkar, F. Garufi, G. Gaur, V. Gayathri, N Gehrels, G Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, J George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, S Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, A Giazotto, K Gill, A. Glaefke, E. Goetz, L. Gondán, G González, A. Gopakumar, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, M Gosselin, R Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C Gray, G. Greco, A C Green, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grünewald, G. M. Guidi, X. Guo, A Gupta, Manoj Gupta, K. E. Gushwa, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, J. J. Hacker, E. D. Hall, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M M Hanke, J Hanks, C Hanna, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, J. Harms, I. W. Harry, M. J. Hart, M. T. Hartman, K. Haughian, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H Heitmann, P. Hello, G Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, J. Henry, A. W. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, S. Hild, D. Hoak, D. Hofman, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P Hopkins, J. Hough, E. A. Houston, E. J. Howell, Yi-Ming Hu, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S H Huttner, T Huynh-Dinh, N. Indik, D R Ingram, R. Inta, H. N. Isa, J.‐M. Isac, M. Isi, T. Isogai, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin, K Jani, P. Jaranowski, S. Jawahar, F Jiménez-Forteza, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, J Junker, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J B Kanner, S. Karki, K. S. Karvinen, M. Kasprzack, E Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, T. Kaur, K Kawabe, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, D B Kelley, R Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, I Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, Е. А. Хазанов, N. Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, J C Kim, Whansun Kim, W Kim, S. J. Kimbrell, E. J. King, Peter King, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, B Klein, L. Kleybolte, S Klimenko, P Koch, S. M. Koehlenbeck, G. Koekoek, V. Kondrashov, A Kontos, M. Korobko, W Z Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, C. Krämer, V Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, P. Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, L. Kuo, A Kutynia, B. D. Lackey, M. Landry, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, R K Lanza, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S Leavey, E O Lebigot, C.H. Lee, H. K. Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, K Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lenon, M. Leonardi, J. R. Leong, N. Leroy, N Letendre, Y. Levin, T G F Li, A. Libson, T. B. Littenberg, J. Liu, N. A. Lockerbie, A. L. Lombardi, L. T. London, J. E. Lord, M. Lorenzini, Vincent Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, G. Lovelace, A. P. Lundgren, R Lynch, Y. Ma, S Macfoy, B. Machenschalk, M MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, F Magaña-Sandoval, E. Majorana, I Maksimovic, V. Malvezzi, N. Man, Vuk Mandic, V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S Márka, Z. Márka, A.S. Markosyan, E. Maros, F Martelli, Lionel Martellini, I W Martin, Д. В. Мартынов, K. Mason, A Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso‐Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, Christopher McGrath, S. C. McGuire, G McIntyre, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S T McWilliams, D Meacher, G. D. Meadors, J. Meidam, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, D Mendoza-Gandara, R A Mercer, E L Merilh, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C Messick, R Metzdorff, P M Meyers, F. Mezzani, H. Miao, C. Michel, H. Middleton, Е. Е. Михайлов, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A Miller, B. B. Miller, J Miller, M Millhouse, Y Minenkov, J Ming, S. Mirshekari, C Mishra, S. Mitra, V P Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R Mittleman, A Moggi, M Mohan, S. R. P. Mohapatra, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, D Moraru, G Moreno, S. R. Morriss, B Mours, C. M. Mow–Lowry, G. Mueller, A W Muir, Arunava Mukherjee, D Mukherjee, Suvodip Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A Mullavey, J. Münch, E. A. Muñiz, P G Murray, A Mytidis, K Napier, I Nardecchia, L. Naticchioni, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Néri, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, J. M. Newport, G Newton, T. Nguyen, A. B. Nielsen, S Nissanke, A. Nitz, A. Noack, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, M. E. N. Normandin, L K Nuttall, J Oberling, E. Ochsner, E Oelker, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S H Oh, F. Ohme, M Oliver, P. Oppermann, Richard J Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. E. Pace, J. Page, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, A. Pal‐Singh, H Pan, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A Paoli, M. A. Papa, H R Paris, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D Passuello, B. Patricelli, B. L. Pearlstone, M. Pedraza, R Pedurand, L Pekowsky, A. Pele, S Penn, C J Perez, A. Perreca, L. M. Perri, Harald Pfeiffer, M Phelps, O. J. Piccinni, M Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, M Poe, R. Poggiani, P. Popolizio, A. Post, J. Powell, J. Prasad, J W W Pratt, V Predoi, T Prestegard, M Prijatelj, M. Principe, S. Privitera, R Prix, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, O Puncken, M. Punturo, P Puppo, M Pürrer, H. Qi, J. Qin, S Qiu, V. Quetschke, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, D S Rabeling, H. Radkins, P Raffai, S. Raja, C Rajan, M. Rakhmanov, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, V. Re, J. Read, T Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, H Rew, S D Reyes, E Rhoades, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, J G Rollins, V J Roma, J D Romano, R. Romano, J. H. Romie, D. Rosińska, S. Rowan, A Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, L Sadeghian, Mairi Sakellariadou, L Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, L Sammut, L M Sampson, E. J. Sanchez, V Sandberg, J. R. Sanders, B Sassolas, P R Saulson, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, A. Sawadsky, P. Schale, Jacob Scheuer, Erich Schmidt, P. Schmidt, R Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, D. Schuette, B. F. Schutz, S. G. Schwalbe, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. M. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, D. A. Shaddock, T J Shaffer, M S Shahriar, B Shapiro, P. Shawhan, A. Sheperd, D H Shoemaker, Deirdre Shoemaker, K. Siellez, X. Siemens, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, A D Silva, A. Singer, L. Singer, Avinash Singh, R Singh, A Singhal, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. R. Smith, R J E Smith, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, F Sorrentino, T Souradeep, A. P. Spencer, A. K. Srivastava, A Staley, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, D. A. Steer, D. Steinmeyer, B C Stephens, S. P. Stevenson, R Stone, K. A. Strain, N Straniero, G. Stratta, S. E. Strigin, R Sturani, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, L. Sun, P J Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, M J Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, D Talukder, D. B. Tanner, M. Tápai, A. Taracchini, R Taylor, T Theeg, E. G. Thomas, M. Thomas, P Thomas, K A Thorne, E. Thrane, T Tippens, Shubhanshu Tiwari, V Tiwari, K V Tokmakov, K. Toland, C Tomlinson, M Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, C. I. Torrie, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, D. Trifirò, J. Trinastic, M. C. Tringali, L. Trozzo, M. Tse, R. Tso, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, D Ugolini, C S Unnikrishnan, A. L. Urban, S A Usman, H Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander‐Hyde, L van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, A. A. van Veggel, M. Vardaro, V. Varma, S. Vass, M Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G Vedovato, J Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A Viceré, A D Viets, S Vinciguerra, D J Vine, J-Y Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, D. V. Voss, W. D. Vousden, S P Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L E Wade, M. Wade, M Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, G Wang, H Wang, M. Wang, Y Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Wąs, J. Watchi, B Weaver, L-W Wei, M. Weinert, A J Weinstein, R Weiss, L. Wen, P Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, B. F. Whiting, C Whittle, D. R. Williams, R D Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M H Wimmer, W. Winkler, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J Woehler, J. Worden, J. L. Wright, D S Wu, G Wu, W Yam, H Yamamoto, C C Yancey, M. J. Yap, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, L. Zangrando, M Zanolin, J-P Zendri, M Zevin, L. Zhang, Minyang Zhang, T. Zhang, Y Zhang, C. Zhao, M Zhou, Z. Zhou, S. J. Zhu, X. J. Zhu, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig
Bibliographic record
VenueClassical and Quantum Gravity · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Canadian institutionsCanadian Institute for Theoretical AstrophysicsUniversity of Toronto
FundersDivision of Human Resource DevelopmentConselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura i EsportAustralian Research CouncilScience and Technology Facilities CouncilIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareMinistry of Education, IndiaNational Research Foundation of KoreaHungarian Scientific Research FundGeneralitat ValencianaCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIndustry CanadaKavli FoundationNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Research, Development and Innovation OfficeAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungGovern de les Illes BalearsNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNational Research FoundationNemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsEuropean CommissionRussian Foundation for Basic ResearchEuropean Regional Development FundScottish Universities Physics AllianceICTP South American Institute for Fundamental ResearchCanadian Institute for Advanced ResearchRussian Science FoundationLeverhulme TrustScottish Funding CouncilMinistero dello Sviluppo EconomicoInstitut des Origines de LyonScience and Engineering Research BoardNational Science FoundationRoyal SocietyConseil Régional, Île-de-France
KeywordsLIGOPhysicsGravitational waveSkyWaveformGravitational-wave observatoryAstrophysicsGalaxyPolarization (electrochemistry)DetectorAstronomyOpticsQuantum mechanics
Abstract
Abstract We present the results of a search for long-duration gravitational wave transients in the data of the LIGO Hanford and LIGO Livingston second generation detectors between <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2015</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">J</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">u</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">y</mml:mi> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2016</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> , with a total observational time of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>49</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> . The search targets gravitational wave transients of 10–500 s duration in a frequency band of 24–2048 Hz, with minimal assumptions about the signal waveform, polarization, source direction, or time of occurrence. No significant events were observed. As a result we set 90% confidence upper limits on the rate of long-duration gravitational wave transients for different types of gravitational wave signals. We also show that the search is sensitive to sources in the Galaxy emitting at least ∼10 −8 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">M</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> in gravitational waves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.623
Threshold uncertainty score0.445
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.043
GPT teacher head0.349
Teacher spread0.306 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations33
Published2018
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes