The Food Consumption Pattern of the Free Market: The Mexican Experience Under NAFTA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article accesses the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), now the US, Mexico and Canada Agreement (USMCA), on the Mexican food system, specifically on the country’s food consumption patterns. The double burden of malnutrition, that is, the coexistence of undernutrition with obesity, is identified as one of the most significant global health challenges. The article explores the main explanations for this malnutrition crisis and the links between the free-market policies pursued under NAFTA and the perverse change in food consumption patterns that affect Mexico, and mainly developing countries. The Mexican experience is presented in terms of the change in food consumption patterns and the food-system transformation over the past decades. It is argued that free-market policies do not merely change the origin of the food consumed but also affect its quality and the general consumption and production patterns. Under the NAFTA, the Mexican food system suffered a restructuring process that struck at its heart, by subsuming maize under capitalist logic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".