Rejuvenation of short-term aged asphalt-binder using waste engine oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The work presented in this paper aims to improve the rheological properties and ductility characteristics of aged (short-term) asphalt-binder using waste engine oil (WEO). The WEO was injected into the aged asphalt-binder as three rejuvenators, namely A, B, and C — with Rejuvenator A being the treated WEO only. Rejuvenator B consists of treated WEO and furfural extraction oil. Rejuvenator C consists of Rejuvenator B composition plus epoxy resin. The asphalt-binder physical, ductility, rheological, and morphological properties were measured using the standard penetration, softening point, ductility, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests, respectively. Overall, the laboratory test results, with Rejuvenator C exhibiting superiority, indicated that, if properly preprocessed and treated with additive modifications, WEO can be beneficially used to rejuvenate short-term aged asphalt-binders, which can be a significant milestone towards “green” asphalt and environmental conservatism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".