Modeling of Strain Induced Pockels Effect in Silicon Photonic Waveguides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Linear phase modulation is a critical characteristic of state-of-the-art modulators in coherent optical communication systems.Currently the majority of silicon modulators being developed are based on the plasma dispersion effect since silicon's centrosymmetric crystal structure prohibits the Pockels (or linear electro-optic) effect.The plasma dispersion effect is nonlinear with speed limited by charge mobility.Recently it was shown that by applying an anisotropic strain to silicon waveguides, the symmetry of the crystal structure can be broken, hence, artificially inducing the Pockels effect.In this dissertation we investigate the strain induced Pockels effect in silicon waveguides.We introduce a Figure of Merit (FOM) that characterizes the Pockels effect in various silicon waveguides and show the proposed FOM has an excellent correlation with the experimentally obtained second order nonlinearity χ (2) .A six-fold improvement of FOM can be achieved by optimizing the waveguide cross-section and tuning the mechanical properties of the straining layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".