Pragmatism as a Supportive Paradigm for the Mixed Research Approach: Conceptualizing the Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Stances of Pragmatism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The emergence of the mixed research approach has been accompanied by searching for a philosophy that legitimates mixing quantitative and qualitative methods in one research. Many researchers consider pragmatism as the most common philosophical justification for the mixed research approach; however, pragmatism is criticized as a philosophy in general and also as philosophical support for the mixed research approach especially for not addressing the differing assumptions of the quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Trying to overcome this criticism, the current research is mainly concerned with presenting pragmatism as a coherent, integrated paradigm by conceptualizing its ontological, epistemological and axiological stances. The researcher coins three new terminologies: the reality cycle, the double-faced knowledge, and the necessary bias principle. These philosophical stances combine both the quantitative and qualitative paradigms' points of view as two integrated, not conflicting philosophies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.184 | 0.131 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.108 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.027 | 0.033 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.020 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".