Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors with Si3N4 and TaO2 gate insulator for studying self-assembly of photosynthetic proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The reaction center (RC) protein from photosynthetic purple bacteria is an organic structure with the capability of absorbing photons at low light intensities and generating electron-hole pairs with a high efficiency. Application of this biomaterial for energy harvesting and sensor devices has been studied before. A key in employing RCs in an electrochemical device is to immobilize the proteins on an electrode. In this work, ion-sensitive field-effect transistors with Si3N4 and TaO2 gate insulator were tested to measure the success rate in immobilizing the proteins. The results show that by far Si3N4 is a better choice than TaO2, due to the effective self-assembly of the linker molecules. The density of the attached proteins to the Si3N4 transistor was estimated to be 5×109 proteins/cm2 by analyzing the drift in the threshold voltage of the transistor. The fabricated device also presented the feasibility of using the RCs in an integrated photo-transistor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".