A Worst-Case Performance Optimization Based Design Approach to Robust Symbol-Level Precoding for Downlink MU-MIMO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper addresses the optimization problem of symbol-level precoding (SLP) in the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) wireless system while the precoder's output is subject to partially-known distortions. In particular, we assume a linear distortion model with bounded additive noise. The original signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) -constrained SLP problem minimizing the total transmit power is first reformulated as a penalized unconstrained problem, which is referred to as the relaxed robust formulation. We then adopt a worst-case design approach to protect the users' intended symbols and the targeted constructive interference with a desired level of confidence. Due to the non-convexity of the relaxed robust formulation, we propose an iterative algorithm based on the block coordinate ascent-descent method. We show through simulation results that the proposed robust design is flexible in the sense that the CI constraints can be relaxed so as to keep a desirable balance between achievable rate and power consumption. Remarkably, the new formulation yields more energy-efficient solutions for appropriate choices of the penalty parameter, compared to the original SLP problem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".