A Model of Shallow Viscoelastic Relaxation for Seismically Induced Tension Cracks in the Chile‐Peru Forearc
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Tension cracks were generated by past megathrust earthquakes along the coastal forearc of Chile‐Peru. To explain why elastic rebound in an offshore earthquake can cause widespread permanent deformation onshore, we propose a model in which the near‐surface material exhibits viscoelastic behavior, analogous to laboratory‐observed behavior of petroleum reservoir rocks. Because of near‐surface relaxation, interseismic deformation builds up stress only in the deeper crust. Elastic rebound of the deeper crust during an earthquake induces near‐surface tension to generate cracks. We numerically demonstrate the proposed mechanism using hypothetical and real megathrust earthquakes. The location of the zone of peak tension, assumed to be responsible for the crack generation, is controlled by downdip rupture termination. A rupture farther downdip or terminating more gradually causes the zone of peak tension to be farther landward and broader. The tension cracks thus may contain important information on megathrust rupture dynamics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".