On the Contribution of Developed Capitalist Countries to International Economic Security in the Era of Civilizational Confrontation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of the study — the study and systematization of the main approaches to the problem of economic security on the example of the leading countries of the world economy — causes the following tasks: 1) identify and assess the forms and means by which developed capitalist countries solve the most important issues of their own economic security; 2) identify the contribution of these countries to the creation of an integrated system of international economic security. Research methods include methods of political, sociological and cultural analysis, as well as a comparative approach. Results. The article deals with the peculiarities of the practical implementation of the state of economic security in the developed countries of Western civilization (USA, Canada, Germany, France, great Britain, Spain, Italy, Japan), the main strategic goal of which in the field of protection of national economic interests is to ensure sustainable economic growth and economic reform in accordance with the conditions of competition in the world market. The main attention of the European Union countries is paid to ensuring national security through a holistic process of achieving European security, but the leadership of the European Union is not always able to ensure the integral security of its member States due to both internal contradictions and emerging problems with the United States, which subordinate the economic interests of European States to the satisfaction of their own political ambitions. Findings. In the countries of Western civilization, after the integration processes of the last three decades, the economic security of a developed capitalist country is not seen as a state of complete independence from the rest of the world, but as a state of stable and sustainable socio-economic development, which can be achieved through close political and economic cooperation. But the desire for the fullest possible independence from the United States of America — both national economies and their own domestic and foreign policies — in the developed countries of Europe is intensifying in times of crisis. The global economic crisis that broke out in 2008 also led to systemic and structural problems in the developed countries of Western civilization, which today are not possible to solve. The oldest European democracies are built into the world security system as the basic elements of the American geopolitical strategy. To date, there is no integral system of international economic security that would take into account the interests of at least developed countries of Western civilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".