Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Based on NiO<sub>x</sub> Nano Film with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The organometal halide perovskite (OHP) materials have attracted much attention throughout the world due to their superb optoelectronic properties. Tremendous progress has been made in the OHP based solar cells with increased efficiency from 3.8% to 24.2% within the last decade, benefiting from efforts in the photovoltaic field. However, all the OHP solar cells with highest efficient are based on a normal mesoporous structure with TiO2 at the bottom, which needs high temperature process. The inverted planar structure OHP solar cells based on PEDOT:PSS suffer from low efficiency (lower than 15%) and inferior stability due to degradation of PEDOT:PSS in ambient air. Herein, we employed sol–gel method to fabricate a NiO x nano film as the hole transporting layer for inverted OHP solar cells. The device performance based on PEDOT:PSS and NiO x were systematically investigated. It was found that the perovskite films on NiO x film had larger grain size and thus lower defects) density. The Capacitance–Voltage measurement indicated that the device based on NiO x exhibited larger built-in potential, which significantly enhanced the open-circuit potential of the OHP solar cells. Furthermore, the solar cell based on NiO x nano film exhibited excellent stability compared with the PEDOT:PSS based device, due to robust property of NiO x in ambient air.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".