Recent gene duplications dominate evolutionary dynamics of adaptor protein complex subunits in embryophytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adaptor protein complexes and the related complexes COPI and TSET function in packaging vesicles for transport among endomembrane compartments in eukaryotic cells. Differences in the complement of these complexes in lineages such as yeast and mammals as well as apicomplexan and kinetoplastid parasites via loss or duplication of subunits appears to reflect specialization in their respective trafficking systems. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana possesses multiple paralogues for adaptor protein complex subunits, raising questions as to the timing and extent of these duplications in embryophytes (land plants). However, adaptor protein complex evolution in embryophytes is unexplored. Therefore, we analyzed genomes of diverse embryophytes and closely related green algae using extensive homology searches and phylogenetic analysis of 35 complex subunit proteins. The results reveal numerous paralogues, the vast majority of which, approximately 97%, arose from recent duplication events. This suggests that specialization of these protein complexes may occur frequently but independently in embryophytes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".