Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solid-state transformers (SSTs) enable the interconnection of ac and/or dc networks with medium-frequency galvanic isolation. In comparison to the conventional ac transformer, SSTs can be a relatively expensive solution for transforming voltages, requiring two sequential power conversion stages and a high-voltage transformer. Addressing drawbacks of the SST, in this paper a new modular multi-level dc/dc converter topology is presented which enables power exchange between dc networks at high conversion ratios. The topology consists of a cascade connection of current source and voltage source sub-modules (CSM and VSMs) in a single string. The power inductor of the converter is separated from the high-voltage string of VSM cells by the CSM cell. This enables the CSM cell to shape a string current that is of nearly square-wave shape at medium switching frequencies. The shape of the string current enables simultaneous balancing of the VSMs and near constant power delivery to the lower-voltage dc network. This paper presents the structure and main operating principles of the topology. Supporting simulation and experimental results are also provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".