behavioral and physiological consequences of overstocking dairy cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Overstocked group pens continue to be a challenge for many dairy producers. There are many reasons why overstocking may occur, including an unexpectedly busy calving month, too many replacement heifers, or herd expansion before barn expansion. While overstocking may be a short-term solution to a management challenge, a growing body of science demonstrates that overcrowding results in both behavioral and physiological changes that could compromise future performance, productivity and animal welfare. Overstocking interferes with normal behavioral time budgets of dairy cows, disrupting both feeding and lying activity. Aggressive competitive interactions are also more frequent when cows are crowded at the feed bunk or lying stalls, particularly for socially subordinate animals. More recent research has found that overstocking can affect physiological processes, including energy metabolism and glucocorticoid secretion. This research has dramatically improved our understanding of the ways in which overstocking affects dairy cattle health and welfare, and collectively will enable improved science-based recommendations on how best to manage intensively housed dairy cattle.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".