Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy ( <scp>IR</scp> , <scp>FTIR</scp> , <scp>DRIFT</scp> , <scp>ATR</scp> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is a versatile analytical method that can identify different compounds in archaeological materials and sediments by measuring the portions of the infrared spectrum absorbed by specific molecules. This technique was developed in the 1930s for the characterization of industrial materials, and then applied to the study of artifacts and works of art starting from the 1950s. In the last three decades, infrared spectroscopy has become an established tool in archaeological fieldwork, where it is used to obtain real‐time information regarding the archaeological contexts under excavation. Infrared spectrometry can determine the presence of crystalline and disordered inorganic materials, as well as organic materials in archaeological sediments, and thus it is a valuable method in addressing problems related to the preservation of the archaeological record, site formation processes, post‐depositional alterations, stratigraphic correlations, absolute chronology, pyrotechnology, and past human activities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".