Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy ( <scp>IR</scp> , <scp>FTIR</scp> , <scp>DRIFT</scp> , <scp>ATR</scp> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is a versatile analytical method that can identify different compounds in archaeological materials and sediments by measuring the portions of the infrared spectrum absorbed by specific molecules. This technique was developed in the 1930s for the characterization of industrial materials, and then applied to the study of artifacts and works of art starting from the 1950s. In the last three decades, infrared spectroscopy has become an established tool in archaeological fieldwork, where it is used to obtain real‐time information regarding the archaeological contexts under excavation. Infrared spectrometry can determine the presence of crystalline and disordered inorganic materials, as well as organic materials in archaeological sediments, and thus it is a valuable method in addressing problems related to the preservation of the archaeological record, site formation processes, post‐depositional alterations, stratigraphic correlations, absolute chronology, pyrotechnology, and past human activities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".