Pseudo-Gemini Biosurfactants with CO<sub>2</sub> Switchability for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Novel biosurfactants with high performance are always needed in the petroleum industry for environmental sustainability. Herein, we developed a series of biosurfactants to enhance the heavy oil recovery from Canadian oil sands. Pseudo-Gemini biosurfactants were designed to be interfacially active and CO 2 switchable. The strong interfacial activity of biosurfactants promotes the liberation of heavy oil from solid substrates, which was demonstrated by the liberation visualization cell. On the other hand, the separation of heavy oil from extraction fluid was also facilitated by activating the CO 2 switchability of biosurfactants. Since the efficiencies in both the heavy oil liberation and the oil-water separation were improved, the total heavy oil recovery could be significantly enhanced. Therefore, these biosurfactants are believed to be promising in the application of enhanced oil recovery from oil sands ore.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".