Frequency Profile and Clinical Correlations of TSH Receptor Antibodies in Euthyroid and Hypothyroid Patients Having Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: The current understanding regarding the clinical significance of TSH receptor antibodies in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of elevated TSH receptor antibodies in euthyroid and hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. Furthermore, their associations with the levels of thyroid hormones and autoantibodies (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies [TgAb]), and the thyroid volume were also investigated. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included recently diagnosed euthyroid (N=86) and hypothyroid (N=54) autoimmune thyroiditis patients along with the patients who were on levothyroxine replacement (N=66). The levels of TSH, free T4, free T3, TSH receptor antibodies, thyroid peroxidase, and thyroglobulin antibodies were measured using ECLIA (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). A 9 MHz transducer (Fukuda Corp., Japan) for thyroid ultrasound and a 14 MHz transducer (Ultrasonix Medical Corp., Canada) for Doppler ultrasound were employed. Statistical analyses were done with the help of IBM SPSS 19.0 software. Results: The elevated levels of TSH receptor antibodies were observed in 6.3% of the participants (12 females and 1 male) and exclusively in hypothyroid subjects, who were either untreated (7.4%) or on levothyroxine treatment (7.6%). The highest and the lowest prevalence of positive TSH receptor antibodies were seen in patients with positive thyroglobulin antibodies & negative thyroid peroxidase (17.6%) and positive thyroid peroxidase & negative thyroglobulin antibodies (3.3%), respectively. Higher levels of TSH receptor antibodies were associated with a shorter duration of the disease (22 vs. 36 months), lower titers of thyroglobulin antibodies (281.2 vs. 400.9 UI/L), decreased thyroid volumes (9.4 vs. 14.2 cm3) and an increased prevalence of orbitopathy (23.1 vs. 4.1%). In the whole study population, TSH receptor antibodies levels were related to fT4 (linear R2=0.271, p=0.039), titers of thyroid peroxidase (quadratic, R2=0.048, p=0.034), and thyroid volume (compound R2=0.041, p=0.011). However, in the TSH receptor antibodies positive patients, the correlation was seen only with the levels of thyroid peroxidase (compound R2=0.503, p=0.032). Conclusion: TSH receptor antibodies positivity cannot be considered negligible in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The elevated levels of TSH receptor antibodies might result in a predisposition to a more unstable thyroid function, lower thyroid volumes, specific profiles of thyroid peroxidase, and thyroglobulin antibodies and a higher prevalence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".