Significance of site natural period effects for linear site amplification in central and eastern North America: Empirical and simulation‐based models
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article evaluates linear simulation‐based and empirical site amplification models including site natural period dependency parameters to account for the distinctive amplification behavior near site fundamental frequencies resulting from the sharp impedance contrast between soil and underlying hard bedrock in central and eastern North America (CENA). The simulation‐based amplification models are developed using 581,685 frequency‐domain linear analyses generated from a parametric study and include V S 30 ‐scaling and site natural period ( T nat ) parameters. The empirical models are derived from residuals analyses of ground‐motion models for two reference conditions: B/C boundary ( V S 30 = 760 m/s) and CENA hard‐rock condition ( V S = 3000 m/s). The simulation‐based and empirical models are compared for 8 site profiles in CENA to measured horizontal‐to‐vertical (H/V) component response spectral (RS) ratios, the mean of linear simulations for similar sites, and one‐dimensional (1D) linear site response analysis for four of these sites. Comparisons between observed and estimated site amplification behaviors highlight model dependency on T nat in CENA. Model consistencies and differences related to the distinct linear amplification features near site fundamental frequency are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it