From Off-line to On-line Control of a Multimode Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On-line optimal control represents a crucial issue in the development of multimode power split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Finding a control strategy that guarantees fuel economy optimality and ease of implementation still reveals an open research question. This paper aims at developing an on-line control approach for multimode HEVs based on previously implemented off-line control. The two control levels for multimode HEVs are presented: the operating mode selection and the torque split determination. The former is addressed adopting a machine learning approach where artificial neural networks (NNs) are trained in supervised learning using off-line control data. The torque split is resolved on-line according to efficiency-based maps extracted off-line. Simulation results for a specific multimode HEV design demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed control strategy in minimizing the value of predicted fuel consumption. Furthermore, a sensitivity study is conducted for the NN sizing parameters. The ease of implementation and adaptability suggests the potential application of the developed online control approach in a design methodology for multimode HEVs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".