Development of Chemical Accident Response Information Sheets for Phosgene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
초록·키워드 목차 오류제보하기 Korea"s chemical industry is directly or indirectly related to almost all industries. In addition, it occupies a very large proportion of the industrial scale. In particular, Ulsan, Yeosu, and other chemical complexes have been in operation for more than 50 years. Therefore, as the number of maintenance and repair increases due to the deterioration of facilities, the risk of large-scale fire explosion is also increasing. In this study, similar to the technical report of accident response technology by the US and Canada Environmental Agency, it provided key information on the environmental diffusion, toxic effect and accident response of phosgene available to the first responders. Phosgene is photodegraded by hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere and has a half-life of 44 years. The half-life due to hydrolysis was calculated to be 113 years (20 to 630 years), and it was found that there was persistence to the atmosphere. In the case of phosgene, the chemical management law in Korea is managed as an accident-prone substance, and a management plan for phosgene and mixtures containing 1% or more of phosgene is prepared and submitted. Three clear clinical pathological stages have been reported after exposure to phosgene at 120-1,200 mg / m3-min. Stage 1 is painful in the eyes and neck, with chest tightness, often accompanied by dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing. The second stage or incubation period can be maintained for up to 24 hours, depending on the exposure level and duration, often without symptoms. The third stage is pulmonary edema, which can lead to death. The acute REL, the exposure level that is expected to have no adverse health effects on phosgene inhalation, is set at a value of 0.004 mg / m3. In addition, RfC, which is the exposure reference value determined to have no harmful effects when the chemical is inhaled into the human body, is set to 0.0003 mg / m3. The fire suppression method should stop the gas flow before the fire suppression and notify the fire department to report the fire location and the risk. In case of tank fire, it should be suppressed from the unmanned hose support or monitor nozzle as far as possible. Containers that have been exposed to fire should be cooled with large quantities of water and water should not enter the container. When accompanied by a fire accident, the evacuation distance is about 1,600m. In case of fire, extinguishing agent should be extinguished by water spray, water spray, carbon dioxide, general foam. #chemical accident #information sheets #phosgene #environmental diffusion #toxic effects ABSTRACTⅠ. 서론Ⅱ. 연구내용 및 방법Ⅲ. 결과 및 고찰Ⅳ. 결론References
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.046 | 0.030 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".