Steam Conformance along Horizontal Well with Different Well Configurations: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Considering the non-uniform steam conformance of conventional horizontal well, dual-pipe steam injection technique has currently demonstrated technical potential for improving heavy oil recovery. It can delay the occurrence of steam fingering and homogenize the steam injection profile along horizontal wellbore. But in some field tests, it is observed that the results were far greater than such an approach would have justified. In addition, the actual physics are still unclear, and not demonstrated. In this paper, first, we built a cylindrical wellbore physical model to experimentally study steam injection profiles of a single pipe horizontal well and a concentric dual-pipe horizontal well. Thus, the heat and mass transfer behavior of steam along horizontal well with a single-pipe well configuration and a dual-pipe well configuration was addressed. Subsequently, considering the effect of pressure drops and heat loss, a semi-analytical model for the gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal wellbore was developed to numerically match the experimental observation. Next, a sensitivity analysis on the physical parameters and operation properties of a steam injection process was conducted. The effect of the injection fluid type was also investigated. Experimental results indicated that under the same steam injection condition, an application of the dual-pipe well configuration can significantly enhance the oil drainage volume by about 35% than the single-pipe well configuration. During the experiments, both a temperature distribution and liquid production along the horizontal wellbore were obtained. A bimodal temperature distribution can be observed for the dual-pipe well configuration. From this proposed model, an excellent agreement can be found between the simulation results and the experimental data. Because of the effect of variable-mass flowing behavior and pressure drops, the wellbore segment closed to the steam outflow point can have a higher heating radius than that far from the steam outflow point. From the results of sensitivity analysis, permeability heterogeneity and steam injection parameters have a tremendous impact on the steam injection profile along wellbore. Compared with a pure steam injection process, the co-injection of steam and NCG (non-condensable gas) can improve the effective heating wellbore length by over 25%. Furthermore, this model is also applied to predict the steam conformance of an actual horizontal well in Liaohe oilfield. This paper presents some information regarding the heat and mass transfer of a dual-pipe horizontal well, as well as imparts some of the lessons learned from its field operation. It plays an important role for the performance evaluation and remaining reserve prediction in a dual-pipe thermal recovery project.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".