In-Situ Stresses in Colorado Group, AB, Calculated from Open-Hole Mini-Fracs and FMI Logs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Open-hole mini-frac tests are seldom performed in the Athabasca and Cold Lake oil sands due to the complexity of operations. In this paper we present the results of open-hole injections tests performed in Cold Lake, Alberta (AB), Canada. The objective of the injection tests was to assess the in-situ stress condition in the Cretaceous Colorado Group. The injection tests results combined with the run of formation image logs (FMI) before and after the injection have enabled not only the determination of the in-situ minimum stress in the rock, but also the full 3-D stress tensor, along with the orientation and inclination of the hydraulic fracture. The tests were performed in IOL 102/08-02-066-03W4 (N10 Passive Seimic Well, ‘PSW’). The injection tests have revealed that the vertical stress in the area is the in-situ minimum stress, consistent with previous measurements. The hydraulically-induced fracture has sub-horizontal to moderate dip angle, mostly owing to the pre-existing fabric of the rock, and peaks in the general NE-SW direction. Numerical modeling of the in-situ stresses has shown that the values of the vertical and the minimum horizontal stresses are close, with the vertical stress consistently being smaller than the minimum horizontal stress in all tested zones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".