Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research was conducted in a native jack pine stand within Narrow Hills Provincial Park, Saskatchewan, Canada. The goals of this research were to 1) compare jack pine sap flow with environmental parameters (volumetric water content of the soil [VWC], net radiation, air humidity, air temperature, and wind speed) and internal water storage in the tree under pre-augmented (normal) conditions and augmented (drought) conditions, and 2) demonstrate that at a sandy site under drought conditions jack pine trees facilitate hydraulic redistribution of soil water. \n\nNet radiation, air humidity, and VWC were the primary drivers of sap flow within jack pine trees in this study. Net radiation was the primary driver of sap flow throughout the day. Air humidity was important for inducing sap flow. The VWC was influential on the volume of water being transported up the tree to support transpiration. Sap flow was found to have hysteretic relationships with all environmental parameters except VWC. Throughout the diurnal cycle, sap flow and the tree trunk circumference have a divergent and hysteretic relationship. The daily amplitude of the change in tree trunk circumference was primarily controlled by sap flow, however the overall circumference of the tree trunk was controlled by the VWC and internal water storage. Jack pine trees only exhibited tree growth under normal conditions on days where sap did not flow. Jack pine tree trunk circumference contracted under drought conditions as the tree used internal water storage to supply evapotranspiration.\n\nThe movement of an isotopically labelled solution was used to demonstrate that at a sandy site under drought conditions, jack pine trees facilitate hydraulic redistribution. After injecting the isotopically labelled solution to a depth of 100 cm below the soil surface, soil water collected from 0 cm – 20 cm and 80 cm – 120 cm had statistically significantly higher δ2H values compared to baseline δ2H values. At the same time, the δ2H values of soil water collected from 20 cm – 80 cm were statistically not different compared to baseline δ2H values. The presence of the isotopically labelled solution at 0 cm – 20 cm and 80 cm – 120 cm, and absence of it between 20 cm – 80 cm, indicated jack pine trees facilitated hydraulic redistribution using their taproot and lateral roots.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".