Quasi-random sampling for multivariate distributions via generative neural networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Generative moment matching networks (GMMNs) are introduced for generating quasi-random samples from multivariate models with any underlying copula in order to compute estimates under variance reduction. So far, quasi-random sampling for multivariate distributions required a careful design, exploiting specific properties (such as conditional distributions) of the implied parametric copula or the underlying quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) point set, and was only tractable for a small number of models. Utilizing GMMNs allows one to construct quasi-random samples for a much larger variety of multivariate distributions without such restrictions, including empirical ones from real data with dependence structures not well captured by parametric copulas. Once trained on pseudo-random samples from a parametric model or on real data, these neural networks only require a multivariate standard uniform randomized QMC point set as input and are thus fast in estimating expectations of interest under dependence with variance reduction. Numerical examples are considered to demonstrate the approach, including applications inspired by risk management practice. All results are reproducible with the demos GMMN_QMC_paper, GMMN_QMC_data and GMMN_QMC_timings as part of the R package gnn.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".