Triaxial Testing System for Seismic Frequencies Measurements with Laser Displacement Sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, a novel experimental system has been developed for static and dynamic elastic properties measurements at seismic frequencies under anisotropic stress and shear deformation conditions. This system focuses on static and seismic range frequencies dynamic (0.1 Hz to 20 Hz) elastic deformation properties of poorly consolidated oil sands and highly overconsolidated (clay) shales. The main body of the experimental system is a computer control servo-hydraulic system. A pair of laser displacement sensors measure nanometer scale displacement during the dynamic tests. A coarse scale and fine scale load cell system was developed for measuring force with high precision during dynamic testing. A novel triaxial cell for use with the loading system was also developed to simulate the reservoir stress and pore pressure condition during static and dynamic testing and allows permeability to be measured during testing. The loading system, dual load cell calibration procedure and results, and results for acrylic and 3D printed sand specimens are presented. The stable and reasonable results demonstrate the capacity of the new experimental system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".